Heating apparatus



July 3, E1923.

A. M. MERTZANOFF HEATI NG APPARATUS Filed Jan. :30, 1919 Patented July-3,1923.

UNITED STATES PTENT oFF-ica. f

ANDR M.' MERTZANOFF, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO AMERICAN RADIATOR COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

HEATING APPARATUS.

Appiieation inea January 2o,l 191e. seriai No. 272,019.

T o all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, ANDR M. MER'raA- NoFF, a subject of the Kino of Greece, residing at the cit-y of New ork, borou h of 5 Manhattan, county and State of New have invented certain new and useful I mprovements in Heating Apparatus, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification. d My invention relates to improvements 'in heating apparatus, and the same has for its object, more particularly to provide a heating apparatus which may be located in rooms, andgotlier parts of a building, and supplied with a heating agent obtained from a central source.

Further, said invention has for itsobJect, to provide a heating apparatus, having the general' appearance of an ordinary steam or hot water radiator, butin which the distribution or emission of heat by radiation will be substantially entirely suppressed.

Further, said invention has for its ob]ect, to provide a heatingapparatus composed of a series of connected elements or sections, adapted to receive a heating agent, and means for suppressing the radiant heat emitted thereby.

Further, said invention has for its object, to provide a heating apparatus of sectional construction, adapted to receive a heating medium, and reflecting means surrounding or partly surrounding said heating apparatus whereby to suppress the radiant heat emitted by said apparatus, and to increase or accelerate the convecting action of said apparatus. Further, said invention has for its object to provide a heating apparatus of the char-A acter specified with means for preventing the emitted radiant heat being absorbed by bodies in line therewith.-

Other objects will in part be obvious and in part be pointed out hereinafter.

To the attainment of the aforesaid objects and ends my invention consists in the novel details of construction, and in thel combination, connection and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described and then pointed out in the claims.

Radiation, as is well known, is the transmission of heat through a medium commonly known as the ether, which is assumed to occupy all interinolecular spaces. Radiation always takes place in st-raight lines, obeying the same laws as light, so that its intensity or amount per unit of surface varies inversely as the square of the distance from the source of radiationto the surface, and directly with the line of the angle of inclination. Moreover, radiant heat continues to travel in the same straight line until interce ted or absorbed by some other body.

he amount of radiant heat emitted-or absorbed depends largely upon the character lof the surface of the hot or cold body, and

it has been found that the power of a given substance for absorbing radiant heat is exactly the same as for emitting radiant heat.

Radiant heat, like light, is reiected from various materials, and it will be found that, in. general, substances possessing a high power of radiation have a low reiecting power.` Silver has a relative radiating power of three Abut its reflecting power is given asninety-seven.

general it may be said that the heat y emitted by radiation per unit of surface and per unit of time is independent of the form substantially wholly suppressed, first, 'by' lowering the temperature of the exposed surface of the apparatus, second, byreducing the extent or amount of the exposed surface, and, third, by the character or quality of the co-operating surfaces of the apparatus.

In the accompanying drawings forming part of this application and in which like numerals of reference refer to like parts Figure l is a front elevation partly broken away, illustrating one form of heating 'ap-- paratus constructed according to, and embodying my said invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section on line 2 2 of Fig. 3, and

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail top view, partly broken away. 1

.In said drawing 10 designates the heating apparatus as a whole, comprising a heat- A emitting orradiating element formed of a plurality of individual, hollow metal sections 11, 11, resembling in a general way the sections of a radiator, and provided at their upper and lower ends with tapped bosses 12,

12a, respectively, to receive connecting nipples or couplings. The Aend sections, and, when necessary, one or more of the intermediate sections, may be provided with feet 13, 13, in order to support the structure as a whole in a slightly elevated position.

Each section 11 is provided along its opposite vertical edges, at both of its sides, with projecting ribs 14, which extend from the top to the bottom thereof. The said ribs 14, 14 are adapted to register and Contact with the corresponding ribs of the adjoining sections at each side, and are of. such depth as to form a series of vertical air passages 16 between the several assembled sections 11.

The lower and upper horizontal edges ofthe sections 11 are not'provided with ribs, in order to form inlet and outlet openings 16a and 16h, respectively, leading to and from said air passages 16.

Each section 11 is preferably reduced transversely at its upper end so that the outlet openings 16b shall be constricted.

The assembled sections are surrounded by a rectangular enclosure 17, which is supported in spaced relation to said radiator by bosses 18, preferably formed integrally with certain of said sections, and screws 19 passing through the walls of said enclosure 17 and into said bosses 18. The upper ends of the front and rear walls of said enclosure l17 are curved inwardly and upwardly to correspond generally tothe curvature of the reduced upper ends of the sections 11, and sufficiently spaced therefrom to form continuations of the air passages, 20, 20, formed between the outer sides of said sect-ions, and the inner sides of the Walls of the enclosure 17.

22 denotes an outer enclosing casing which is slightly larger than the enclosure 17 so as to provideair spaces 22a between the outer side and top of said enclosure 17, and the inner sides and top of said casing 22.

rllhe casing 22 is provided in its front and rear walls adjacent to its bottom edges with apertured or perforated portions 23 serving as intakes for the air to be heated, and' its top 23', or in its sidewalls adjacent to its top, saidycasing is perforated or provided with a ertures 24ste permit the air currents rising etween the outer surfaces of the enclosure 17 and the inner wall of the casing ass therethrough. enotes a plurality of longitudinal provided upon the under side of the top 23 lof the casing 22, and connected together at Laeaeae -is located. While l have shown and described said controlling means as composed of'a plurality of vanes, it will, of course, be understood that the same is merely one illustrative embodiment, and that any other suitable or convenient contro-lling means may be employed.

lVhen it is desired more effectively to prevent or to sup-press the loss of heat by radiation from the radiator sections 11, the en- "closure 17 may be made of a metal capable of being highly polished, or of such other material as may be capable of being silvered, or of being coated, plated or'otherwise provided with a substance which will convert the inner sides of the walls of said enclosure into a more efficient reflecting medium. By suppressing, to the utmost extent possible, all radiation, and confining Within the enclosure 17 all heat emitted by the radiator, the convection action of the apparatus will be increased to the maximum. The v effect of rendering the apparatus more per fect as a convecto-r results 1n an increased room heating efciency of the apparatus, in f that every particle of air co-ntained in the room is caused to .pass through the apparatus, and become heated thereby. In this way it becomes possible to heat a room more rapidly and more effec-tively than is possible when the heating action is produced by radiation.

' The operation of the apparatus is as follows:

rlhe heating agent is supplied to the radiator sections 11 by the supply pipe 29, and after passing through the sections, it leaves through the return pipe 30. As' soon as the radiator becomes heated.l air from the room or chamber in which the apparatus is located will be drawn into the outer casing 22 through the intake opening in the grill or apertured portion 23, and thence pass upwardly in three separate currents; one current entering thev inlet openings 16a at the base of the radiator and passing through the passages 16 thereof and issuing through the constricted outer openings 16, a second current passing between the outer surfaces of the radiator 11 and the 'inner surfaces of the enclosure 16, and mingling at the up per constricted outlet thereof with the currents issuing through the constricted outlet openings 16b of the radiator, and a third current passing betweenthe outer surfaces of theenclosure 17 and the inner surfaces lll of the casing 22 and issuing through the a ertures 24 in the top 23 of Said casing 22. Tllie first and second mentioned currents of heated air vpassing through the central perforations 24 in the top 23 of the casing 22 may be controlled or arrested by opening the dampers 26 to a greater or less extent. The currents of air passing between the enclosure 17 and the casing 22, however, are not controlled but are permitted at all times to pass through the apertures 24 in the top 23 ofthe casing 22, and into the room or chamber.

By the particular construction and arrangement ofl the parts the air passing through the apparatus is caused t0 be divided into three separate currents, having different degrees of temperature and rates of travel, which progressively decrease in temperature and rate of flow as -the same recede from the center of the apparatus toward the outermost wall. The outer wall is so spaced that its temperature will correspond substantially to that of the room and thereby eliminate radiation, that is to say, the hottest and most rapidly moving current is the center one which impinges directly upon or against the surfaces of the radiator or heat-emitting element, and the coolest and most slowly moving current is the one furthest removed from the radiator and nearest the parts of the apparatus which are in contact with the air at room temperature.

Having thus described my said invention, what I claim and desire to secure b'y Letters Patent is y l. An apparatus comprising a heat emit-y ting-element having a plurality of independent air passages therein, a member sursounding said element and spaced therefrom to form an air passage, a housing enclosing said element and said member, and means for controlling the flow of air through the air passages in said element and the passages between said element and the member surrounding the same, substantially as specified.

2. An apparatus comprising a heat emitting-element having a plurality of independent air pass-'ges therein provided with constricted outlet openings, a member surrounding said element and spaced therefrom to form an air passage, a housing enclosing said element and said member, and means for controlling the flow of air through the air passages inl said element and the passages between said element 'and the member surrounding the same, substantially as specified. y l

3. An apparatus comprising a heat emitting-element having a plurality of independent air passages therein provided with constricted outlet openings a member surroundlng said element and spaced therefrom the passages between said element and the member 'surrounding the same,l substantially as specified.

4. An apparatus comprising a heat emitting-element having a plurality of independent air passages therein provided with constricted outlet openings, a member surrounding said element and spaced therefrom to form an air passage, a housing enclosing said element and said member, and a damper for simultaneously controlling the iow of the several currents of air through the air passages in said element and the passages between said element and the member surrounding the same, substantially as specified.

5. An apparatus comprising a heat emitting-element having a plurality of air passages therein provided with constricted outlet openings, a member surrounding said element and spaced therefrom to form an air passage having a constricted outlet opening, a housing enclosing said element and said member, and valve means arranged in said member for controlling the flow of air through said element and throughv the passage between said element and the member surrounding the same, substantially as specilied.

6. An apparatuscomprising a heat-emitting element composed of a plurality of connected ysections having peripheral flanges formingl a plurality of air passages between said sections having constricted outlet openings, a memberl surrounding said element and spaced therefrom to form an air passage, a housing enclosing said element and said member, and means for controlling the flow of air through the air passages in said element, and the passage between said element and the'member surrounding the same, substantially as specified.

7. An apparatus comprising a heat-emitting element composed of a plurality of constricted sections having peripheral flanges forming a plurality of 'air passages between said sections having connected outlet openings, a member surrounding said element and spaced therefrom to form an air passage having a constricted outlet openingstricted outlets, a member surrounding said element and spaced therefrom to form an air passage, a housing enclosing said element and said member, and means to control the flow of air through said air passage, substantially as specified.

9. An apparatus of the character described comprising a heatemitting element having a plurality of air passages ext-ending therethrough, a casing surrounding said element in spaced relation thereto and provided With inlet and outlet openings, valve means for controlling said outlet openings and a'second casing surrounding said firstnamed casing in spaced relationl thereto and provided with inlet and outlet openings,

substantially as specified.

10. An apparatus of the character described comprising a heat emitting element having open-ended air passages extending therethrough, a constricted outlet communi` eating with said air passages, a pluralityl of casing members arranged in spaced relation to each other' and to said heat emitting element and enclosing the latter; said inner casing having a constricted outletinto Which the constricted outlet of said heatemitting member extends, and a valve in the Aconstricted outlet of said inner casing member for controlling the passage or air through said heat emitting member and said inner casing, substantially as specified.

Signed at the city of New York, in the county and State of New York, this 9th day of January, one thousand nine hundred and nineteen. y,

ANDRE M. MERTZANOFF.

lVitnesses: 1

CONRAD A. DIETRICH,

WILLIAM P. JONES. 

